# Basic Terminologies of OOP in Python.

## Table of Contents

- Class
- Object
- Methods
- Class Variables



### Class

A class is a blueprint for creating objects, providing initial values for state and implementation of a behavior.

Example:

```
class Dog:
    pass
```

Here, we have created an empty dog class. Each dog can have properties like breed, size, age, color, and behaviors like eating, sleeping, sitting, running.

### Object:

An individual instance of a particular class.

Example:

```
class Dog:
    pass

dolly = Dog()
```

In the above example, dolly is the object of a class Dog. Creating a new object from a class is known as **instantiating** an object.



### Methods:

Methods are functions that are defined inside a class and can only be called from an instance of that class.

Example :

```
class Dog:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name;
        self.age = age

    def getName(self):
        return self.name
```

In the above example, there are two methods defined. The `__init__()` method is special method. Every time the Dog instance is created the `__init__()` method sets the initial state of that object. The getName() method is a method that returns the name of that dog instance.



### Class Variables

Class variables are shared by all instances of the class. Class variables are defined inside of class but outside of methods.

Example:

```
class Dog:
    breed = 'German Shepherd'

    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name;
        self.age = age

```

In the above example, the breed is the class variable. Class variables can be accessed by any method inside the class.